The eight disputed points

• **Location of Rahu** — centre of the palm, or between the two Mars mounts under the head line, or the basin enclosed by Moon, Mars and Venus. All three circle the same central depression, but the boundaries drawn differ; and one source places Ketu near the wrist base while others put Ketu firmly at the wrist between Venus and Luna.
• **Ketu versus Neptune** — territorially identical in most modern Indian sources; some treat them as one mount under two names, others as distinct, with Ketu at the wrist between Venus and Luna and Neptune slightly higher and more central.
• **Saturn displaced toward the Sun** — Benham and the West: it reduces Saturn's morbidity, a favourable modification. Indian sources: laziness, poverty, dependence, pessimism, business failure. Directly opposed.
• **Cross on the Mount of Jupiter** — Western classical: a fortunate sign of a great affection. Some Indian sources: negativity.
• **Triangle on the Mount of Mars** — Western: martial science and strategy. Indian: blood disease.
• **Whether a high Saturn mount is good** — the classical rule is that Saturn should be low and a high Saturn a misfortune; a number of modern popular sources ignore this and read a high Saturn as simple seriousness and reliability.
• **Hollow palm** — the Brihat Samhita gives both hollow palms mean losing paternal inheritance and round, hollow palms indicate wealth within adjacent verses; the reconciliation offered (an even soft cup versus a sharp central pit) is interpretive, not textual.
• **Which hand** — the gendered rule (male right, female left) versus the dominance rule versus read both; all three are current, and Indian practitioners themselves treat the gendered rule as the older, superseded doctrine.